Which term involves repeating experiments or independent variable conditions within experiments to establish reliability?

• A. Empiricism
• B. Experimentation
• C. Analytical
• D. Replication

Answer: (D)

Replication is the process of repeating experiments or the same independent variable conditions within experiments to establish reliability. By conducting additional trials that mirror the original procedure, researchers can determine whether the results occur consistently, which helps rule out chance, bias, or a fluke in a single run. This consistency across repetitions strengthens confidence that the observed effect is real and not dependent on a single sample or a one-time circumstance. For example, if a behavioral intervention increases a target response in one session, repeating the intervention with another group or on another day and observing the same improvement supports the finding as reliable. Empiricism is about knowledge gained through observations, experimentation is the act of testing hypotheses, and analytical refers to examining data to extract meaning; replication specifically centers on repeating work to confirm reliability.