Which procedure reduces problem behavior by reinforcing a behavior that serves as a desirable alternative to the problem behavior and withholding reinforcement following instances of the problem behavior?

• A. DRO
• B. DRI
• C. Escape Extinction
• D. DRA

Answer: (D)

A differential reinforcement of an alternative behavior (DRA) works by replacing a problem behavior with a desirable, functional alternative and withholding reinforcement for the problem behavior. The idea is to identify what the problem behavior accomplishes—such as gaining attention or escaping a task—and teach a socially acceptable behavior that serves the same function. When the learner uses that alternative, it is reinforced, increasing its likelihood, while the problem behavior is placed on extinction or not reinforced, reducing its occurrence. For example, if a student tantrums to get attention, you teach and reinforce a polite request for attention or raising a hand, and you ignore the tantrums. Over time, the learner preferentially uses the alternative because it yields the same payoff but in a more appropriate form.