Which procedure is a full-range assessment using observation, interview, testing, and the systematic manipulation of antecedent or consequence variables to identify probable antecedent and consequent controlling variables?

• A. DRO
• B. Concept Formation
• C. Escape Extinction
• D. Behavioral Assessment

Answer: (D)

The main concept here is behavioral assessment, a comprehensive approach to understanding behavior by gathering information from multiple sources and, when needed, testing hypotheses about what maintains the behavior. A full-range assessment uses observation, interviews, and formal tests to collect data across settings and times. To pinpoint the variables that control the behavior, the assessor may engage in functional analysis by systematically manipulating antecedents (what happens before the behavior) and consequences (what happens after the behavior) to observe how the behavior changes. This process helps identify the probable functions of the behavior—such as gaining attention, escaping a demand, obtaining a tangible item, or sensory stimulation.

This is why the described approach best fits behavioral assessment: it combines broad data collection with experimental manipulation to reveal the controlling variables. The other options describe specific procedures or skills that don’t capture the full assessment approach—DRO is a reinforcement-based treatment for reducing behavior, Escape Extinction is a procedure used to manage behavior under certain conditions, and Concept Formation is a cognitive skill unrelated to functional assessment of behavior.