Which procedure decreases problem behavior by reinforcement contingent on the absence of the problem behavior during or at specific times?

• A. DRA
• B. DRI
• C. Behavior Chain
• D. DRO

Answer: (D)

Differential reinforcement of other behavior is a reinforcement-based strategy that reduces problem behavior by reinforcing the absence of the problem during a set interval. The idea is simple: you define a time period, and if the individual does not emit the problem behavior within that period, you deliver reinforcement at the end. If the problem behavior occurs, the interval is reset. Over time, not engaging in the problem becomes more frequent because reinforcement is contingent on that absence.

For example, if calling out is the problem, you might set a 2-minute interval; no calling out during those 2 minutes earns reinforcement. If a call-out happens, the timer restarts.

Reinforcing an alternative, appropriate behavior (DRA) would target a different behavior to increase, not just the absence of the problem. Reinforcing a behavior that is incompatible with the problem (DRI) relies on behaviors that cannot occur with the problem at the same time. A Behavior Chain involves reinforcing a sequence of steps, not the absence of the problem during intervals.