Which measurement method records the presence or absence of behaviors at precise moments in time, often by checking at pre-specified instants rather than continuously?

• A. Naturally Existing Contingency
• B. IRT
• C. Momentary Time Sampling
• D. Interobserver Agreement

Answer: (C)

Momentary Time Sampling records whether the target behavior is happening at specific, pre-set moments in time. Instead of noting every instance as it occurs, you observe at the end of each interval (or at predetermined instants) and mark presence or absence for that exact moment. This makes data collection more efficient when you don’t need a precise count of every occurrence and when continuous observation isn’t practical. The trade-off is that brief or irregular occurrences can be missed or misrepresented depending on how long each interval is. This differs from methods that record every instance (continuous recording) or from reliability checks like interobserver agreement, which aren’t used to track behavior in real time.