Which assessment method uses structured interviews, checklists, rating scales, or questionnaires to obtain information about the person without direct observation?

• A. Instructional Setting
• B. Independent Variable
• C. Intermittent Schedule of Reinforcement
• D. Indirect Assessments

Answer: (D)

Indirect assessments gather information about a person without observing the behavior directly, using structured interviews, checklists, rating scales, or questionnaires completed by caregivers, teachers, or the individuals themselves. This approach helps form hypotheses about behavior and its possible functions when direct observation isn’t feasible, though it relies on reports rather than real-time data. The other terms describe different ideas: an instructional setting refers to where learning occurs, an independent variable is what the experimenter changes, and an intermittent schedule of reinforcement is a type of reinforcement pattern.